Referring to a country or countries which you have
studied, describe and account for the changes in population
from the beginning of stage 2 to the end of stage 3 in the
Demographic Transition Model.
8 Marks

.
In stage 2 the population is rapidly increasing because death rates are falling and birth rates are high. In Italy the birth rates were very high because it was tradition to have a large family. Italians were also very religious and so they did not use contreception because the vatican discouraged it. Health care was not good and so many children died when they were young and so people had more children to make sure they had nsome which lived beyond infant years.Also more people worked in agriculture and as it was before machinary was widely used, if people had a large family then they had acsess to a large, free, labour force. Death rates had began to fall in this stage because of advances in medicine like better hospital, better education as to hygine and better sanitation. In Stage 3 the population is \skdfjvgsdvkcv\cvkj

(a) With reference to an example of population migration
between two named countries which you have studied,
(i) Explain how the migration was the result of a
combination of "push" and "pull" factors, and
(ii) Suggest what sort of barriers or obstacles may have
made the migration difficult.
6 marks
(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages which the
migration has brought to
either the country of origin
or the country of destination
4 marks

a) (i) After the war there was much migration of turkish workers into Germany. Many of the Turks moved due to a combination of push and pull factors. Some of the pull factors were that Germany offered the Turkish people good money and training to fill the vacent positions and the opportunity of a better standard of living. The push factors were that in Turkey there was land shortages and the land that was avalible was poor quality so many people were left unemployed and had to leave to find work. Jobs that people did have were very poorley paid compared to the ones that the German government were offering.test

(ii) The fact that the Turks did not speak German may have been a barrier because it would have been difficult to communicate. Also many of the Germans believed that the imigrants were taking away the housing and the jobs from many Germans leaving them unemployed and homeless even though the Turks were taking the poorest paied jobs that the Germans could not even fill and the poorest quality housing, so racial problems were a barrier for the Turkish imigrants. Also coming to work in Germany ment that they were having to leave family and friends and come on their own to a foreign country this may have been a problem for many.

(b)The advantages for Turkey were that many of the people were now getting paid high salaries and sending all the money back to Turkey and their families so there was more money coming into the country. People leaving Turkey meant there was less unemployment and pressure on resources. The migrants developed new skills from jobs in Germany which they then took back to Turkey. Because most of the migrants were young people, the birth rate decreased, reducing pressure on healthcare, education and food supplies. The disadvantages for Turkey were that there was a loss of mostly working age people, leaving many elderly people so there was a high death rate. There was also a loss of the most educated and skilled people. It was mostly male migrants, so families were split up.