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- Upland areas like Snowdonia contain glaciated features which make them attractive to visitors
(10 marks)
Answer:
Corries: Glacial erosion occurs through a process of abrasion and plucking.plucking is when glaciers freeze to rocks, and when the ice moves, pull these rocks away.Abrssion is when rocks plucked by the glacier are dragged along the corrie back and sides, Corries are steep sided hollows usually found on the north facing side of a mountain where snow has accumulated and gradually compacted into ice forming a glacier. The ice in the depression slowly rotated causing considerable erosion of the walls and floors, this is known as rotational sliding. As more ice accumulates the glacier moves down the mountain and out of the hollow under the force of gravity. At the mouth of the corrie, where glacial erosion is weakest, a corrie lip is usually formed. The deepened hollow left behind is called a corrie occasionaly meltwater left behind in the corrie forms a small lochan or corrie tarn kept in the corrie by the lip, acting as a natural dam. Examples of corries in the Cairngorms are Cairn Toul and Corrie Cas
Aretes: when two of these corries form back to back, the retreating back walls bring them closer together untill they form a narrow sharp edged ridge known as an arete. An example of an arete is
Pyramidal Peak: a pyramidal peak is formed when 3 or more corries form back to back
U-Shaped Valley: As a glacier makes its way down a v-shaped valley, material on the bottom of the glacier abrades the valley floor deepening it and the plucking force of the glacier smooths the walls of the v shaped valley creating truncated spurs thus straightening the valley. The Lairig Ghru is a good example of a U-Shaped Valley. As the glacier moves down the valley it pushes unsorted material in front of its snout(terminal morraine).
Ribbon Lake: A ribbon lake is a lake formed in a u-shaped valley. As the ice melts it may leave behind water in a hollow which was created as the glacier abrased and plucked the valley floor faster in some areas, this may have been due to rock type.
Hanging Valley:Hanging valleys are created by small tributary glaciers just off of the main glacier. They are much smaller and have much less power. They travel down the valley side until they reach the main valley where the main glacier is eroding. Since it is not powerful enough to erode past this glacier, it remains here and leaves a much smaller valley hanging off the edge of the previous valley. Water from the glacier melts and travels down the valley, when it gets to the edge it falls off and creates a waterfall. Waterfalls are a key identifier of hanging valleys. Alluvium from the river can be depoisted at the bottom of the waterfall, this is called an aluvium fan.
the conflicts which have arisen in this areas and evaluate the
effectiveness of the solutions used to resolve these conflicts
(9 marks)
In The Cairngorms conflicts arise between farmers and hillwalkers. Hill walkers trespass on farmland, damage crops, disturb animals, leave gates open and leave litter. The farmers try to solve this conflict by ploughing their land so people can't walk on it but this can destroy wildlife habitats. The National Park tries to solve this conflict by creating new footpaths that take tourists away from the farmers land.
Another conflict is between conservationists and tourists. Tourists erode the footpaths which is resolved by repairing footpaths and building new paths covered in rock chips. They also damage vegetation and wildlife habitats so areas at risk have to be fenced off. This means visitors cannot enjoy these areas. It is better to educate visitors about how to look after the area. Tourist attractions such as campsites can be unsightly, this can be resolved by planting trees for screening.
There is also conflict among the tourists themselves, for example those who wish to use Loch Avon for water sports, and those who want to enjoy the scenery quietly, or for quiet activities such as fishing. The solution to this is designating specific areas for different activities and placing speed limits in some areas. Another solution is promoting lochs for certain purposes. For example, Loch Insh is promoted as a water sports centre, while Loch Morlich is promoted as a quieter area to walk in.
There is conflict between tourists and residents within honeypot towns such as Laggan. People buying holiday homes means there are less houses for local people and house prices increase so many people can't afford them. Because tourists only use their holiday homes at certain times, there are often few people in the area. This affects local shops and services, for example schools might have to close because there are not enough local children. A solution to this conflict is to reserve certain homes for locals only or to provide local authority housing.
There is also an increase in traffic congestion and danger on local roads because of tourists. The solution to this is creating separate routes for local and tourist traffic, although building new roads could cause conflict with conservationists and it also encourages more visitors leading to more traffic problems. Another solution is to attract tourists to other areas, but this can lead to new 'honeypot' problems elsewhere.
The popularity of national parks is determined by a number of features. A national park must be close to large ares of settlement so it can easily attract visitors who only live a short distance away. This is a clear attraction to the Peak District national park which is situated close to large cities such as Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham. Another attraction is the recreational opportunities of the park. For example, The Cairngorms national park is very popular with active tourists who participate in activities such as skiing and rock climbing. The scenic beauty of a national park can also increase its popularity as it will be attractive to passive tourists. For example, the Lake District is famed for its magnificent glacial landscape.
In Dorset the coast provides many economic and social opportunities.
Economic
3 Large ports - Poole, Weymouthand Portland provide money to be brought in from trading and fishing.Tourism is a major industry in the Dorset coast for example Bournemouth which is a major holiday resort provides 45000 jobs and produces £1000 million in income for the area.People are attracted to the area to see such places as the Heritage Centre at Lulwoth Cove and the Swanage Steam Railway. Income is also generated by businesses that provide activities for the more active visitors such as Jet Skiing and paragliding etc.
Social
The beaches attract many visitor for recreational use. The limestone cliffs at Purbeck and Portland provide an excellent opportunity for rock climbing and absailing. The South West Coast Path attracts tousands of visitors each year who walk the whole stretch of the coast. On top of this there is a perfect oppurtunity to undergo watersports. Many tourists can take part in windsurfing, jet ski-ing surfing ect. Canoeing can be done from Swanage to Lulworth, and along the beach many other activities such as cycling can be done. The beach itself can be used for recreastion, sun bathing and picnics ect.
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