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Why not put a question on our student Q

Page history last edited by Mr O'D 14 years, 11 months ago

What kind of questions can come up for the global heat budget, would you only have to draw and explain the diagram?

 

 

 

 

Question -  18 marks -

With refernce to Snowdonia or any upland are you have studied, explain the social and economic opportunities created by the landscap +

describe the measures taken to resolve environmental conflicts related to tourism

 

 

 

 

This is the area of the wiki where you can ask for help on certain topics, areas within topics and individual questions. Remember, this is a collaborative page so if someone posts a question and you know the answer, please help them out. This page will also be an area where your teacher may post some guidance.

 

 

Post any questions here:

 

could you please help me with primary health care? what would be asked in the question and how much detail would be needed in the answer?

 

 

It would probably be something along the lines of why or whether PHC would be an appropriate health care strategy for ELDC's. I don't have the past papers at home, but I do know that you have to, as with other elements of this paper, make reference to your case study materials. It would probably be about ten marks worth and you would need to talk about some of the following things:-

The main features of e.g the bareoot doctors scheme- How was it organised and why was this suitable for China? e.g. taking people from rural areas and giving them basic medical training to run clinics in their own villages. There would have been support through a hierarchy of health care where patients could be referred to if they could not be treated at local level, the people involved were local farmers, so still made a contribution to the local economy and would hopefully be trusted.It made more economic sense than building large urban hospitals which would be expensive and inaccessible to many of the countryside dwellers. There was also an educational role e.g. pre and post natal health care, information about disease risk and so on. They would, where possible use locally available remedies e.g herbs, which were cheap to produce (remember who the 'doctor' is likely to be). The scheme was not perfect, however. The scale of China made it difficult to ensure health care in every village, and as volunteers were farmers, their primary occupation often took precedence over their health care duties, particularly during harvest. Villages could often not afford to pay for the service over the longer period. Some (around 1/5) later migrated to attend medical school.If you need any more information, come up early tomorrow and see one of the small 'Development and Health' books. Hope this helps

 

 

 

could you please help me with a question that was in 2005 paper 2 on rural land resources

 

"explain why the number of visitors to national parks can vary so greatly" (5marks Doubled im guessing)

 

thanks

 

Sure,

 

Visitor numbers vary for a variety of reasons. Firstly, some parks, such as the Peak District are close to large urban centres such as the midlands, Greater Manchester conurbation and therefore are easier to access for people who might be, for instance, visiting on a day trip. Other parks, such as Exmoor or the Norfolk Broads are further removed, and in the case of the Broads, the nearest cty is Norwich, which is relatively small. Accessibility is also affected by proximity to good transport links. Generally, the same parks benefit most from this, with the peak district being close to the M1 (meaning that this park is quite accessible even from London), and the Lake District being well connected by the M6 to the North and M1 to the south. If you look at the Broads again, there is no motorway with direct connection to the park area. The exception to this in terms of visitor numbers is the Pembrokeshire Coast, which presents a unique coastal landscape, and other parks, such as the Lake District (outstanding glaciated scenery) and the Yorkshire Dales (Upland Carboniferous limestone) have the same scenic appeal that me not be so instantly obvious in, for example, the North Yorkshire Moors. Certain parks benefit from the type of recreational pursuits that you can do in them. A good example again is the Dales, where cavers and potholers find plenty of opportunities to practice their hobbies, or Loch Lomond which has lots of well known hillwalking routes/climbs and also benefits from its proximity to Glasgow. You could also speculate about the impact of climate- far from being an obstacle in the Cairngorms, the severe winters are what sustain the ski industry. In this type of question, you will be given sources and its important that you refer back to the sources for figures to support your arguments. Hope this helps

Could you help me with the formations of drumlins, eskers and rouche moutanee.

 

Drumlins are streamlined mounds of unsorted till which are often found in swarms. They are thought to have been formed by glaciers depositing till underneath the ice, with the resultant friction of moving ice dragging the till into elongated egg shaped hills. The drumlin has a steep stoss side and a gentle lee side, with the stoss side facing the direction of ice flow. Glasgow is built on a series of drumlins.

 

Eskers are fluvoglacial features i.e. formed by glacial meltwater. When glaciers melt, much of the meltwater flows in subglacial tunnels beneath the ice. Like the action of deposition in rivers, material which is being carried by the meltwater is deposited, but unlike till, the deposits are sorted- heaviest materials will be dropped first. When the glacier has melted, long winding ridges of stratified sands and gravels running parallel to the valley sides can be found on the valley floors.

 

Roche moutonnee are not features of deposition, but are eroded. They are found on glaciated valley floors and are made of resistant rocks which have eroded with less ease than the surrounding valley. The glacier will move over and round the resistant rock, leaving a gentle abraded slope facing the direction of the ice movement. There is often still visual evidence of glaciation here as some roche moutonnees show striations, scratches on the rock caused by the stones embedded in the glacial ice. As the glacier moves away from the resistant rock, it will pluck at the rock surface leaving a steeper jagged slope facing away from the ice flow.

 

 

Please could you help me with conflicts in the Cairngorms, especially the effectivness of ways to deal with them.

 

Sorry about the time here, been out all day. I'll try to direct you to some resources which are specific to the case study which are already on the blog, and give you a brief run through measures to deal with conflicts/effectiveness of them. Check back in around twenty minutes while I search out the links (9.40 just now)

 

 

OK, noticed that the link to the Cairngorms tour is dead, so here are a couple of areas with some specific conflicts. Sorry its a lot later (as its a lot longer) than I thought:-

 

Laggan

Depopulation continuing as farming has become more mechanised and fewer jobs are available. There is also a lack of affordable housing due to holiday homes and 'new' settlers e.g.retirees from England. The surrounding area has been renamed 'Monarch Country' by the local tourist board. The dependence on tourism increases while traditional occupations decline.(tourists v locals)

 

Cairngorm Funicular railway

This is the heart of Scotland's ski industry, close to Coire Cas and Coire na Ciste. The funicular railway was approved in 1997 to replace the outdated chairlifts.Environmentalists have strongly opposed the development, arguing that the fragile environment on the Cairngorms Plateau would be irreversibly damaged by increased visitor numbers. Scottish Natural Heritage campaigned successfully to have restrictions put on visitor movements at the top station.(Conservation v recreation/tourism)

 

Other conflicts, some general to other Landscapes as well:-

Farmers v tourists (large number of visitors=crop damage, dogs upsetting farm animals, leaving gates open, litter etc)

 

Conflicts with National Park Authority:-

Farmers object to rules which may prevent new buildings/cheap building/diversification

Forestry companies who are refused permission to extend forests or are restricted to planting mixed species in random patterns

New roads etc often restricted by nat park rules-some locals may believe that this discourages industry and causes unemployment

 

Other environmental conflicts:-

Honeypots-traffic congestion, overcrowding, pollution (noise and air)

Water conflicts-water companies (reservoirs)and visitors who fish/swim in area, watersports conflicting with other loch users, those attracted by peace and quiet,

Tourism/recreation v conservation-footpath erosion-the Cairngorms also has a variety of rare plants and animals as a result of its tundra like climate, some of which are affected by increased visitor pressure

 

There are more, the Applications textbook is quite good on this if you want to pick a copy up in the morning (I know this is cutting it fine!)

 

 

Some solutions to conflicts and their effectiveness:-

National parks

 

  • Planning permission to restrict/prevent new developments which create conflicts
  • An example of this might be using local stone for new farm buildings to preserve traditional character of an area
  • National Park rules e.g. keeping to allocated footpaths, taking litter home etc

 

  • NPs sometimes encourage honeypot locations with car parks, info centres as a way of discouraging visits to more fragile areas
  • On the other hand, they can signpots alternative attractions to disourage problems such as traffic congestion etc in a particular area
  • Zoning activities to allow park area to be used by all interested parties without coming into conflict with each other
  • Park rangers

 

Car parks can be built outside honeypot locations

They can be screened

One way systems and pedestrianinsed streets can be built

More public transport and cycle lanes

 

Fencing off areas

Footpath construction

Allocation of speciified number of housing to locals (there was an article about this in relation to the cairngorms recently-I'll try to find)

Farmers can recieve grants etc to practice environmentally sensitive activities

Look at notes on other Government measures for protecting landcsapes e.g. ESA's, AONB's etc

Look at example of Scottish natural heritage for the Funicular-a good example of a success

 

Some problems:-

Hopefully, when discussing the conflicts, I've shown that the National Park, by restricting developments can create as many cnflicts as it resolves at times.You can discuss some of these here.

Also, by signposting alternative attractions, you can create similar 'honeypot' problems elselswhere

By restricting the building of new roads, NPs can actually add to problems of traffic congestion with increased visitor numbers.

 

 

There are probably some things that I'm forgetting, but hopefully this gives you a help-lots of negatives re effectiveness, but remember to balance this with some reference to successes

 

 

 

 

Could you please post some notes on Extensive Commercial farming. I know it will be late tonight as most people will be busy with "important "issuse but any help would be appreciated =D

 

A, I take it you have looked at the bitesize page-Use the inputs, processes etc sheet that I gave out to help fill in the blanks, If you need more help, come up tomorrow morning

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/higher/geography/human/rural2_rev.shtml

 

I've also got an unfinished mind map here, but you'll need to download freemind

http://www.archive.org/download/Extensive_Commercial_Agriculture_Mind_map/ExtensiveCommercialFarming.mm

 

For freemind, download this

http://freemind.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

 

 

 

I found this past paper question on a sheet we were given out a while ago. Its from the 1996 development and health paper and i didnt really know how to go about answering it. It might not even come up any more since its so old but could I mabey get some help with it?

 

"The diagram shows that there are differences in the provision of safe water and sanitation between urban and rural areas in the developing world.

 

Describe and suggest reasons for these differences, with reference to areas of the developing world you have studyied"

 

Obvioulsy I cant type the diagram but it basically showed that in urban areas there was a greater percentage of people with safe water and greater sanitation and less in rural areas. As i say if its not in the course any more and there is no chance it will come up then there is no need to give any advice about it but if it will come up help would be appreciated.

 

There was also a few more (sorry exam nerves and all) from Development and health

 

From the 2002 paper:

 

"With reference to countries of the developing world with which you are familar with describe and suggest reasons for the difference in the provision of social services between urban and rural areas" (5)

 

I think its similar to the above question but just worth less marks and has more things to deal with

 

Thats it for now (I promise!) any help would be great. Thanks =D

 

 

No worries, this COULD still come up, and we did a little in class from the little Development and Health booklet, which you're welcome to pick up tomorrow. Here's some general pointers:-

 

For social, think social indicators-health, education etc

 

Rural areas are far less likely to have access to clean water and sanitation, health and education facilities.

Some reasons could be as follows-

Urban areas have greater population density, easier to provide clean water/sanitation within smaller area.The exception to this is in shanty towns(often not legal settlements). Rural areas are often remote and population is scattered (think of Brazil case study)and therefore difficult to provide for.This means that community water supplies, such as small rivers and streams can often become contaminated and lead to a variety of water borne diseases such as cholera.

In terms of health, poor villages relying on agricultural economy cannot afford medicines, doctors, hospitals etc, and even primary healthcare is sometimes problematic-part time farmers with poor education will concentrate on their livelihoods.

Because of this, disease is difficult to control in rural areas, where it is more likely.

Rural areas are less likely to have access to education for many of the same reasons-isolation and poverty make it difficult to support trained education staff and schools. I also think you could mention that there may be a political aspect to this. Governments in poorer countries may spend money on services in urban areas as this is where the majority of voting population will live.

Think this is enough.Sorry it's so late.

 

 

 

Could i please get a little bit of help with features of a river eg meanders ect? any help would be great thanks =D

 

 

You can indeed- I need a little bit more detail from you though-what is it specifically that you are unsure of?

River features- Upper Course-V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, waterfalls,gorges, rapids, potholes etc.Lots of tributaries in upland areas near the source (confluences?). You need to know about the different types of erosion- abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition-as erosion is high in this fast flowing river section (due to the steep gradient). Bedload will be large and angular and probably moved by traction or saltation as the load will be too heavy to be carried in the main current. The river is eroding vertically (downcutting) at this part of its course.

Middle course- The river is flowing over a gentler gradient, so begins to pick the path of least resistance. Becomes more sinuous (winding. Main feauture is a meander. Uneven deposition on the river bed leads to the formation of pools and riffles(shallows). The river flow is altered,and one river bank is attacked by the flow (hydraulic action, abrasion). This leads to undercutting of the river bank (vertical erosion)on one side forming a river cliff, whereas the flow is slower on the inside of a river bend, leading to the river depositing some of the material it has been carrying (slip-off slope forms). Meander becomes more pronounced over time. You should use diagrams here, and also include a cross section if possible showing the helicoidal flow of water within the meander. Other feature of the middle course- development of a flood plain, some braiding, river still has enough power to erode in this course, but starts to deposit some material as the river loses energy. Material moved by saltation and suspension.

Lower course, River flows over a mostly flat landscape and therefore, except during flood, can be very slow, most features are those of deposition. Meanders become large and more pronounced, sometimes being eroded through to form ox-bow lakes. Wide, flat flood plain and deposition where rivers enter seas or lakes, forming deltas. These deltas have many river channels splitting the river flow (ditributaries. Sometimes when rivers flood, they leave sorted deposits at the rivers bank, leading to raised river banks and a river bed which is actually above the level of the flood plain. The raised banks are called levees. In rejuvenated rivers, terraces are found where the river is given renewed energy and begins to downcut into the old flood plain. Sometimes, this can also see the formation of incised meanders, just like a normal meander except with steep sides as the river agin cuts into the landscape.

If there is anything you want me to expand on, just let me know.

Andrew D, I haven't forgotten about the past paper, if you give me an hour or so, I'll post some pointers for you.I'll be in tomorrow from about ten past eight as well if anyone has any questions.

Ok, Andrew, here's feedback on the first part of your past paper, Rural land Resources 2005- I gave you 19/25

1 a)

  • Make more of the proximity to urban areas-name a few major cities
  • You mentioned the Peak district having a better catchment area than the other NP's, and compared it to the Broads, this was good
  • You should have mentioned that certain parks have stunning scenery which attracts more visitors-the Lake District, for example has so many visitors bcause of the excellent range of glacial scenery (give examples?), whereas Parks such as Nortumberland and the broads, although still beutiful wild areas, may not have the same scenic attracttion.
  • What about the range of attractions-what do people visit certain NP's for?

 

b)(i)

  • You talked about impact on local businesses, but could have explained the multiplier effect
  • What about improved local services, e.g. better bus services etc
  • Same for local amenities e.g better roads, community buildings etc
  • Boost for local arts and crafts
  • What about negative impacts? Increased property prices forcing locals out of market, leading to de-population, second homes and the impact they have on local services and comunities?

 

b)(ii)

  • Very good, all I would have added would have been closing some areas off at peak time and signposting alternative attractions

 

c)

  • Mention joints and bedding planes before you talk about glaciers scraping soil from rock. it makes it much easier to then talk about limestone being dissolved by rain and carried away in solution. State here as well that limestone's structure means it is permeable
  • Swallow holes formed by rivers flowing onto limestone and dissolving the spaces between the joints and bedding planes to flow underground
  • Caves formed underground where joints and bedding planes are closer together
  • What about mentioning gorges after cavern formation
  • as Gordale Scar is a Gorge
  • Scars are cliffs in a limestone area within a U-shaped valley which have been scraped of soil covering and weathered
  • You can then talk about scree

 

Development and Health from the same year-Very good answers 23.5/25!

Pointers for a)(ii) are all you need here:

  • Brazil's flat coastal plains make it easy to build and has lead to excellent transport infrastructure also
  • Talk about 'Golden Triangle' of Industrial cities-Rio, Sao Paulo, Belo Horizonte
  • North East is resource poor, I think you meant to talk about the North (Amazon) having a lot of resources-proble here is its very difficult to access them and makes extraction costly
  • Talk about poor soils in Amazonia, prone to rapid leaching when cleared, as a comparison to rich fertile soils in South East.These have allowed the creation of large plantations e.g coffee

 

Hope this is OK. I know you had another paper too. I'll try to have a look.

 

OK, here it is, 2005 specimen, RLR Coasts

 

21/25, but some bits need a little work...

 

a) I liked the fact that you talk about concordant/discordant coasts, but chalk is a hard rock, not soft in this example (chalk/clay for differential erosion, clay being the soft rock which erodes much faster)

 

You never spoke about either the blowhole in the diagram, or slumping. The rest of your features were well explained, but you need to use clearer diagrams

 

b) Again, you speak about tourism creating jobs, so mention the multiplier effect.

Also, mixed up with case studies-South west Coast path, not the Penninie Way :-s

 

c) Poole is not the biggest toursit resort in Dorset, it's Bournemouth

You say locals may lose services as a result of increased tourism-What services? Will they also not gain some?

You say that tourists may kill rare plants and animals inadvertantly on footpaths. I might be wrong here, but I think saying plants would be enough, unless you rephrase this.

Rather than saying places are cornered off, say they are zoned

Limestone chips for a limestone area, would coastal areas such as Dorset use these?

 

Hey, could you please give us some methods of primary health care bar the "leaky tin." 

 

Hope you get this, sorry it's late, had some other things to deal with before I could write this up

 

Hello all, I will answer serious questions, but if you want to play, please take your comments elsewhere. Thanks :-)

 

Comments (2)

Mr O'D said

at 2:19 pm on May 6, 2009

With the aid of an annotated diagram explain why tropical latitudes recieve more of the suns energy than polar regions - 6 mark(s)

Mr O'D said

at 2:37 pm on May 6, 2009

QUESTION

(a) With reference to an example of population migration between two named countries which you have studied,
(i) Explain how the migration was the result of a combination of "push" and "pull" factors, and
(ii) Suggest what sort of barriers or obstacles may have made the migration difficult. (6 marks)

(a) (i) The push factors away from Turkey were that the standard of living was much lower in Turkey than it was in Germany. Problems with Agrarian economy go back many years even with the recent success in tourism. Many settlements in Turkey are remote and isolated meaning people are lonely. There is also a high birth rate therefore with limited resources population begins to outstrip them. Also with technology advancements, mechanisation had led to many job losses. In recent years the growth has slowed by the lack of foreign investment (less than $1 billion per year). Due to military power and the fact that it had many coups people wanted to leave. The Turks treatment of the Kurds led it to being distanced from Western nations.
The pull factors towards Germany were that jobs were widely available at the end of World War II as many labourers were killed during the battle and places required to be rebuilt. Also jobs were available as traditional migration routes from East Germany were closed, removing previous sources of unskilled labour. Also recruitment offices set up in many Mediterranean countries and German employers interviewed potential migrant workers. If accepted they signed a contract to work in Western Germany as a gastarbeiter.
People also preferred lifestyle in Germany and didn’t want to move back as expected. Mainly men were brought over so they were able to bring the rest of their family over.

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